What is a programming language?

A programming language is a sequence of code instructions that the CPU processes to produce output for the user.

Programming languages can be categorized into different types:

  • Procedural language
  • Functional Programming language
  • Object-oriented programming language

Additionally, programming languages fall into two types:

High-level programming language Low-level languages, also known as machine or assembly languages

Difference between Procedural and Object-Oriented programming languages

Here is a comparison of both languages.

Procedure LanguageObject-Oriented Language
Contains ProcedureContains Methods
RecordsObjects
ModulesClasses

Difference between High-level and low-level programming languages

Machines and computers understand low-level language code only. So high-level languages need an interpreter or compiler to generate low-level machine-readable code.

Hight Level LanguageLow-Level Languages
Code written needs to compile to machine-readable code, because of compilation time, It takes some time to processLow-level code is understood by machines, and directly runs, so faster
Human readable codemachine readable code
It is very easy to write and modify codeIt is difficult to write code directly
Productivity is good as takes less time to write codeTime taken to write code is more
Code is easy to run on different devices and platforms with lesser modificationsCode only runs on specific computers or types, Needs code rewrite to run on another machine
Compilers and interpreter requiredNot required any middleman tools
Examples of languages are Java, Dart, Golang, etcAssembly is an example

Language Type checking

Type checking is a process of evaluating variable types at compile time or runtime. There are two types of type-checking:

  • Statically Type checking

Languages that allow you to perform type checking at compile time. Once a variable is declared and assigned a type, you cannot change that type. Types are associated with variables, not data.

For example, in Java, you declare a variable of type String.

String str="Welcome"; // allowed
str=20 // Not allowed to reassign the values
  • Dynamically type-checking

These languages perform type-checking at runtime. In this approach, a variable is declared and assigned a type, and you can dynamically change both the type and values. Types are associated with data, not variables.

For example, in JavaScript, you declare a variable without specifying a type, and its type can change dynamically during runtime.

var str="Welcome"; // allowed
str=20 // allowed

What is the difference between Statically Typed and Dynamically Typed programming language

Statically typed languagesDynamically typed languages
Type checking is done at compile timeType checking is done at Run time
Variables types must be declaredVariables types are not required but dynamic types
Reassign variable with different type value is not possibleAllows to reassign variable with different type data
Variables and expressions are evaluated at compile typeVariables and expressions are evaluated at runtime
Java,C,C++Javascript,Python,Ruby
Advantages are errors are caught at compile timeError-prone at runtime time
Good in terms of performanceLower performance
Compilation time is moreCompilation time is less

Static and Dynamic variable scopes

There are two types of scoping for variables in a programming language:

  • Lexical scoping or static scope

  • Dynamic scoping Various types of programming paradigms include:

  • Imperative Programming: In this programming style, a sequence of code is executed sequentially, and it returns the result.

  • Functional Programming: In functional programming, every feature is implemented as a function and assigned to variables to change state.

-Reactive Programming: This paradigm is based on asynchronous data streams of events. It pushes data when an event is listened to for subscription.

Programming languages offer different types of functions, such as:

  • Lambda or Arrow Functions
  • First Class Functions
  • High Order Functions
  • First Order Functions
  • Unary Functions
  • Currying Functions
  • Pure Functions
  • Impure Functions

First Class Functions in a programming language.

Functions are treated similarly to variables in many programming languages. Just like variables, functions can be assigned to variables, passed as arguments to other functions, and returned from functions. This flexibility is a key feature of many modern programming languages, allowing for powerful and dynamic code structures.

Programming language paradigm

There are many categories of language paradigms.

  • Imperative
  • Functional
  • Object Oriented
  • Declarative

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Nim - Loops

Nim tutorials - while and for loop usage syntax and continue to break keywords with examples.

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Nim - Modules

Step-by-step guide on how to create and use Nim Inbuilt and custom modules for reusable with examples.

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Nim - objects

Nim Objects create, declare, and assign values, inheritance Examples

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 3 min read

Nim - Operators

This is the getting start page for learning Nim tutorials Relational, Logical, and arithmetic Operation examples.

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Nim - procedure

Nim procedure declares multiple variable arguments, return sequence, and array Examples.

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Nim - Sequence

Nim Sequence declare, assign access loop Sequence elements, length low and high add, delete, insert multi-dimensional procs examples.

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Nim - Set

Nim Set declare, assign access loop set elements, length mathematical set operation procs examples.

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Nim - String char

This is getting start page for learning Nim tutorials with examples on String and character variables.

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Nim - Tables

Nim Tables declare, assign values, access loop Sequence elements, length add, delete, iteration key, and value pairs examples.

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Nim - Tuples

Nim Tuples declare syntax with access elements Examples.

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Nim - Variable

variable types in Nim language let, var, const, and the differences.

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Nim- JSON

Step-by-step guide on how to Convert JSOn string into NIM object and JSON node examples, declare JSOn string using triple enclosed syntax

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Nim - Comments

This tutorial covers nim comments Single multi-line comments API documentation comments block comments with example

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Nim-Type Inference

Nim tutorials - Type Inference with examples.

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OCaml - Tutorials

This is getting start page for learning OCaml tutorials with examples.

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OCaml - Arrays

OCaml Arrays Tutorial program example | How to compile and execute a program command line.

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OCaml - Comments

OCaml Comment examples for single, multi-line, and documentation comments code

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OCaml - Datatypes

OCaml Inbuilt data type examples and tutorials for Integers, float char, strings, boolean, and uint.

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OCaml - Hello World

OCaml Hello world first program example | How to compile and execute a program command line.

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OCaml - If else

learning OCaml Conditional Control if else statements tutorials with examples.

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OCaml - Linux

Step-by-step guide to install and uninstall Objective Caml in Linux OS.

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OCaml - Loops

OCaml for and while loop tutorials with examples.

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OCaml - Mac

Step-by-step guide to install and uninstall Objective Caml in Mac OS.

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OCaml - Ubuntu

Step-by-step guide to install and uninstall Objective Caml in Ubuntu OS.

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Perl Language

Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples advantages and disadvantages language easy to learn

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Perl - Arrays

Perl Array declaration, add, remove, iteration, and size of an array in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 3 min read

Perl - Assignment Operator

Learn Perl Assignment operator with code examples

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Perl - Bitwise

Learn Perl Bitwise operator AND, OR, XOR with code examples Operator Precedence and Associativity

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Perl - Boolean

Learn how to handle boolean true and false in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples, usage of subroutine or function return boolean values

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Perl - Boolean

Learn how to handle boolean true and false in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples, usage of subroutine or function return boolean values

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Perl - Commands

Perl Command options with examples Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Comments

Write Single and Multi-line or block code comments in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Comparison operator

Learn Perl Comparison equal and Relational code examples Operator Precedence and Associativity examples

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Perl - Datatypes

Perl Data types examples scalar, array, and hash data types in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Directory

Perl Data types examples scalar, array, and hashs data types in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - File

Perl File Operations with examples Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - for each

Perl foreach examples iterate array elements in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Functions

Perl Inbuilt Functions Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Hash

Perl hash declaration, add, remove, iteration, and size, iterate of a hash in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Hello World

Learn Perl Hello World First program and how to execute and run script tutorial code examples

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Perl - HelloWorld

Write Hello World Simple First program examples in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginners and how to execute and run examples.

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Perl - IDE

Perl Language Editor and IDE support in Windows Mac and Unix OS examples.

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Perl - If else

Learn Perl If else conditional statement using string, one line simple logical and or operator tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Install on Unix

How to Download and install Perl Programming language on Linux and Unix tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Install on Windows

How to Download and Install Per on WindowsPerl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - logical operator

Learn Perl logical operator and, or not with code examples Operator Precedence and Associativity

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Perl - Loop Controls

Loop Control in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Modules

Perl Array declaration, add, remove, iteration, and size of an array in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - Modules

Perl Modules create use require and constructor and destructor in Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - operator

Learn Perl logical operator and, or not with code examples Operator Precedence and Associativity

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Perl - operator

Learn Perl logical operator and, or not with code examples Operator Precedence and Associativity

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Perl - Range operator

Learn Perl Range operator with code examples Operator Precedence and Associativity

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Perl - String

Learn Perl logical operator and, or not with code examples Operator Precedence and Associativity

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Perl - String operator

Learn Perl String operators code examples Operator Precedence and Associativity

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Perl - Subroutine

Perl Subroutine tutorial and examples create use arguments and return statements nested functions, parameter passing, private subroutine with code examples

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Perl - switch

Learn Perl switch case code examples

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Perl - try-catch

Learn Perl to try to catch and, or not with code examples Operator Precedence and Associativity

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Perl - Variables

variable declaration with an array, scalar, and hashes, naming rules, interpolation syntax Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl - while and do while

Perl while and do while examples Perl Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.

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Perl- Ternary

Perl Ternary Operator in Programming language tutorial for beginner examples Perl Ternary Operator assignment, multiple conditions conditional operator code

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Typescript Language

This is a getting start page for learning Typescript tutorials with examples.

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Typescript - Installation

Learn How to install Typescript languages and compilers with Hello World tutorials with examples.

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Lisp - tutorials

This tutorial covers free Lisp tutorial developers for example

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Lisp - Comments

This tutorial covers Lisp comments Single multi-line comments, and block comments with example

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Lisp - Hello World

This tutorial covers Basic simple Hello World program free Lisp tutorials developers for example

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