Switch cases are in every popular programming language. Rust does not have a switch case, But it has similar to a match case.

the match is a control flow statement used to execute a matching code against multiple patterns.

It is similar to switch cases in other programming languages and equivalent to if-else condition expression.

Rust match

here is a Syntax

match variable{
    case1=> statement1
    case2=> statement2
    _=> Default statement
}

the match is a keyword in Rust. the variable is of type int, boolean, string or enum. case1 and case2 are case statements that are executed when matching variables with cas1 values.

the default case is denoted by an underscore(_). there is no break required to exit from the matched case.

fn main() {
  let day=1;
  match day{
  1=>println!("MONDAY"),
  2=>println!("TUESDAY"),
  3=>println!("WEDNESDAY"),
  4=>println!("THURDSDAY"),
  5=>println!("FRIDAY"),
  6=>println!("SATURDAY"),
  7=>println!("SATURDAY"),
  _=>println!("INVALID DAY"),
}
}

Output

MONDAY

Let’s see some examples of a matching case.

Rust match case with string variable

This program explains how to use string variables in match statements.

In this example, Created a variable of the type String

You have matched with a string literal.

fn main() {
    let str = String::from("welcome");

    match str {
        "welcome" => {
            println!("Matched");
        }
        _ => {
            println!("Not matched");
        }
    }
}

Output is compilation error mismatched types as String and literal type are not matched in rust.

To fix this, use str.as_str() trait to refer the data.

fn main() {
    let str = String::from("welcome");

    match str.as_str() {
        "welcome" => {
            println!("Matched");
        }
        _ => {
            println!("Not matched");
        }
    }
}

Output:

Matched

How to use enum in match case

Enum is constants that can be used in match cases using enum values.

Here is an example program

enum WEEKEND {
    SATURDAY,
    SUNDAY,
}
fn main() {
    let weekend = WEEKEND::SUNDAY;
    match weekend {
        WEEKEND::SUNDAY => println!("SUNDAY"),
        WEEKEND::SATURDAY => println!("SATURDAY"),
        _ => println!("NOT WEEKEND"),
    }
}

How to use multiple values matched with match case?

In this example, multiple case values are joined using pipe operator(|). Here is an example program

fn main() {
    let day = 3;
    match day {
        1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 => println!("Weekday"),
        6 | 7 => println!("Weekend"),
        _ => println!("Invalid week"),
    }
}

output:

weekday

How to use range notation with match case in Rust?

range of values are denoted by first..=last syntax and values are sequential numbers with a start as the first value, and end as the last value.

Here is a match range example.

fn main() {
    let day = 4;
    match day {
        1 ..= 5 => println!("Weekday"),
        6 | 7 => println!("Weekend"),
        _ => println!("Invalid week"),
    }
}

Output:

weekday